Now, If Only Gas Prices Could Start Dropping
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Nerds of the living dead
High-yield, high-risk bond sales almost tripled to $2.38 billion this week, the most in seven months, as borrowers took advantage of a rally in corporate debt to increase cash reserves and pay down credit lines.
Forest Oil Corp. of Denver raised $600 million in the largest junk bond offering this week, while Nashville, Tennessee- based hospital chain HCA Inc. sold $310 million of notes, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Both came to the bond market to repay bank debt.
Borrowers concerned that a weakening economy and deteriorating earnings may shut off their access to the debt markets are taking advantage of the lowest yields since October relative to Treasuries to issue debt. Companies see an opportunity to raise cash and repay credit lines, said Pete Brady, managing director of high-yield bond trading at Broadpoint Capital Inc.
“You have companies that recognize that it’s becoming harder and harder to refinance,” Brady said in a telephone interview yesterday from his office in Roseland, New Jersey. “You better do it when you can, because the market can dry up, as we saw back in 2008.”
This week’s high-yield bond sales compare with $796 million the previous week and were the highest since the period ended June 26. That week’s $2.8 billion of sales excluding conversions of bridge loans to bonds was led by Ottawa-based Telesat Canada, a provider of fixed satellite services, and BE Aerospace Inc., the world’s largest maker of aircraft-cabin interiors, Bloomberg data show. Junk-rated borrowers raised $8.5 billion in June. BE Aerospace is based in Wellington, Florida.
German economic growth posted its sharpest quarterly fall since 1987, as machinery investment and exports nose-dived, data from its Federal Statistics Office showed Friday. Real GDP declined 2.1% from the third quarter, when adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects, well below economists' forecasts of a 1.8% quarterly fall.
This was the third quarter in a row that German GDP declined, after falling by 0.5% in the second and third quarters of 2008 respectively from the quarter-earlier periods. The loss also marked the sharpest quarterly drop in GDP since the first quarter of 1987, when GDP declined by 2.5%.
Germany, the euro zone's largest economy, is widely expected to contract 2%-3% this year, which would mark the steepest decline since World War II.
France's finance ministry, meanwhile, said late Thursday that GDP in the euro zone's second-biggest economy contracted 1.2% in the fourth quarter -- also more than the 1.0% decline expected by market participants. It said GDP should contract by at least 1.0% this year on average. In a radio interview earlier Friday, French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde said the country was, "clearly in a recession."
In Italy, GDP shrank 1.8% on a quarter-to-quarter basis between October and the end of December, the sharpest decline since 1980, after contracting 0.6% in the third quarter.
Eurostat said the EU economy as a whole slipped into recession in the final quarter of last year. EU GDP shrank 1.5% on a quarter-to-quarter basis after declining 0.2% in the previous three-month period.







The Federal Reserve is engaged in an ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of its credit-related tools. Measuring the impact of our programs is complicated by the fact that multiple factors affect market conditions. Nevertheless, we have been encouraged by the responses to these programs, including the reports and evaluations offered by market participants and analysts. Notably, our lending to financial institutions, together with actions taken by other agencies, has helped to relax the severe liquidity strains experienced by many firms and has been associated with considerable improvements in interbank lending markets. For example, we believe that the aggressive liquidity provision by the Fed and other central banks has contributed to the recent declines in Libor and is a principal reason that liquidity pressures around the end of the year--often a period of heightened liquidity strains--were relatively modest. There is widespread agreement that our commercial paper funding facility has helped to stabilize the commercial paper market, lowering rates significantly and allowing firms access to financing at terms longer than a few days. Together with other government programs, our actions to stabilize the money market mutual fund industry have also shown some measure of success, as the sharp withdrawals from funds seen in September have given way to modest inflows. And our purchases of agency debt and MBS seem to have had a significant effect on conforming mortgage rates, with rates on 30-year fixed-rate mortgages falling close to a percentage point since the announcement of the program. All of these improvements have occurred over a period in which the economic news has generally been worse than expected and conditions in many financial markets, including the equity markets, have worsened.
Analysts say rock-bottom official interest rates, promises of massive fiscal-stimulus packages and central banks' other efforts to revive markets have helped ease some tensions in financial markets and may help put a floor under falling business confidence. As the government rescue efforts work their way through the markets, they could lay the groundwork for the global economy to begin escaping the worst of the storm.
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A key barometer for financial-sector health -- the London interbank offered rate -- soared in the fall after Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filed for bankruptcy, because banks quit lending to one another. On Wednesday, the three-month dollar Libor inched up to 1.23% on disappointment about the Treasury Department's financial-stability plan, but has been easing since the start of the year and is down sharply since its peak of 4.82% on Oct. 10.
Also in financial markets, issuance of high-rated corporate bonds is soaring, signaling that markets could be getting back on track to serving their core purpose -- providing funds to firms that need them.
Short-term corporate credit markets also have shown signs of improvement. Interest rates on short-term commercial-paper financing agreements have come down, and firms have become less reliant on a special Federal Reserve facility serving commercial-paper borrowers.
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Since the start of the year, companies world-wide have sold $264.4 billion of investment-grade corporate bonds that aren't guaranteed through a government program, according to research firm Dealogic. That is up from the fourth quarter of last year, when companies sold on average $82.9 billion of non-government-backed debt a month.







* Financial Stability Trust: A key aspect of the Financial Stability Plan is an effort to strengthen our financial institutions so that they have the ability to support recovery. This Financial Stability Trust includes:
+ A Comprehensive Stress Test: A Forward Looking Assessment of What Banks Need to Keep Lending Even Through a Severe Economic Downturn: Today, uncertainty about the real value of distressed assets and the ability of borrowers to repay loans as well as uncertainty as to whether some financial institutions have the capital required to weather a continued decline in the economy have caused both a dramatic slowdown in lending and a decline in the confidence required for the private sector to make much needed equity investments in our major financial institutions. The Financial Stability Plan will seek to respond to these challenges with:
# Increased Transparency and Disclosure: Increased transparency will facilitate a more effective use of market discipline in financial markets. The Treasury Department will work with bank supervisors and the Securities and Exchange Commission and accounting standard setters in their efforts to improve public disclosure by banks. This effort will include measures to improve the disclosure of the exposures on bank balance sheets. In conducting these exercises, supervisors recognize the need not to adopt an overly conservative posture or take steps that could inappropriately constrain lending.
# Coordinated, Accurate, and Realistic Assessment: All relevant financial regulators -- the Federal Reserve, FDIC, OCC, and OTS -- will work together in a coordinated way to bring more consistent, realistic and forward looking assessment of exposures on the balance sheet of financial institutions..
# Forward Looking Assessment – Stress Test: A key component of the Capital Assistance Program is a forward looking comprehensive "stress test" that requires an assessment of whether major financial institutions have the capital necessary to continue lending and to absorb the potential losses that could result from a more severe decline in the economy than projected.
# Requirement for $100 Billion-Plus Banks: All banking institutions with assets in excess of $100 billion will be required to participate in the coordinated supervisory review process and comprehensive stress test.
+ Capital Assistance Program: While banks will be encouraged to access private markets to raise any additional capital needed to establish this buffer, a financial institution that has undergone a comprehensive "stress test" will have access to a Treasury provided "capital buffer" to help absorb losses and serve as a bridge to receiving increased private capital. While most banks have strong capital positions, the Financial Stability Trust will provide a capital buffer that will: Operate as a form of "contingent equity" to ensure firms the capital strength to preserve or increase lending in a worse than expected economic downturn. Firms will receive a preferred security investment from Treasury in convertible securities that they can convert into common equity if needed to preserve lending in a worse-than-expected economic environment. This convertible preferred security will carry a dividend to be specified later and a conversion price set at a modest discount from the prevailing level of the institution's stock price as of February 9, 2009. Banking institutions with consolidated assets below $100 billion will also be eligible to obtain capital from the CAP after a supervisory review.
+ Financial Stability Trust: Any capital investments made by Treasury under the CAP will be placed in a separate entity – the Financial Stability Trust – set up to manage the government's investments in US financial institutions.
Executives of Mead Johnson Nutrition Company will ring the opening bell to celebrate the baby formula maker's initial public offering, which will begin trading on Wednesday. The former unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company raised $720 million in its IPO at a price of $24 a share, the top of its $21-$24 range. In a sign of healthy interest, the size of the offering was increased to 30 million shares from the initial size of 25 million shares.
A growing number of big companies are taking advantage of the thawing credit markets to raise large sums of money at low interest rates, with Cisco Systems Inc. Monday selling $4 billion in bonds to bolster its war chest for acquisitions.
The big Cisco offering follows a string of successful efforts just in the past five weeks to tap the market for corporate debt. The size of the offering -- and the relatively low-risk premiums attached to the bonds -- indicate that investors are hungry for debt from highly rated companies.
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Since the beginning of the year, U.S. companies have sold $78.3 billion of investment-grade corporate bonds that aren't guaranteed through a government program, according to research firm Dealogic. This is up from the December quarter when companies sold on average $21 billion of nongovernment-backed debt a month.

Total commercial paper outstanding shows that asset-backed paper (securitized) started dropping in mid-2007 and has been dropping ever since. In addition, financial paper is still weak. But non-financial appears to be doing well. This chart tells us there are still problems with the financial sector (duh!).
This chart shows the commercial paper spread has come down significantly from it's highs at the end of last year. While rates are still high compared to other points during the latest expansion, they are far better then they were.




A theory which says the market is in an upward trend if one of its averages (industrial or transportation) advances above a previous important high, it is accompanied or followed by a similar advance in the other.




I was there when the secretary and the chairman of the Federal Reserve came those days and talked to members of Congress about what was going on... Here's the facts. We don't even talk about these things.
On Thursday, at about 11 o'clock in the morning, the Federal Reserve noticed a tremendous drawdown of money market accounts in the United States to a tune of $550 billion being drawn out in a matter of an hour or two.
The Treasury opened up its window to help. They pumped $105 billion into the system and quickly realized that they could not stem the tide. We were having an electronic run on the banks.
They decided to close the operation, close down the money accounts, and announce a guarantee of $250,000 per account so there wouldn't be further panic and there. And that's what actually happened.
If they had not done that their estimation was that by two o'clock that afternoon, $5.5 trillion would have been drawn out of the money market system of the United States, would have collapsed the entire economy of the United States, and within 24 hours the world economy would have collapsed.
Now we talked at that time about what would have happened if that happened. It would have been the end of our economic system and our political system as we know it.



Nissan Motor Co said it would cut 20,000 jobs and joined a growing list of automakers warning of red ink this year in what would mark its first loss since Chief Executive Carlos Ghosn took the reins a decade ago.The spreading global recession has put consumers off buying expensive goods and even if they wanted to purchase a car, financing has become difficult due to a dearth of credit.
Saddled with excess capacity and headcount and with sales plummeting in developed markets, Japan's No.3 automaker has already taken a number of steps to cut production and staff, including through 1,200 voluntary buyouts in the United States.
Well -- at least it's not only Detroit, right? Here are some charts from the St. Louis Fed to show the severity of the crisis:



The administration's plans have evolved over the past several weeks as it has considered and discarded a host of ideas, with financial markets anxiously awaiting details. Mr. Geithner had planned an announcement Monday but delayed it a day to allow the focus to remain on the stimulus bill in Congress.
The aggregator bank, which some refer to as a "bad bank," would be designed to solve a fundamental challenge: How can banks purge themselves of their bad bets without worsening their weakened condition?
The entity would be seeded with funds from the $700 billion financial-sector bailout fund, but the idea is that most financing would come from the private sector. Some critical elements remained unclear, including exactly how the government would entice investors to participate in the private bank, given that they can already buy soured assets on the open market if they want to. The government will likely offer some type of incentive, such as limiting the risk associated with buying the assets.
The aggregator bank, which some refer to as a "bad bank," would be designed to solve a fundamental challenge: How can banks purge themselves of their bad bets without worsening their weakened condition?
The entity would be seeded with funds from the $700 billion financial-sector bailout fund, but the idea is that most financing would come from the private sector. Some critical elements remained unclear, including exactly how the government would entice investors to participate in the private bank, given that they can already buy soured assets on the open market if they want to. The government will likely offer some type of incentive, such as limiting the risk associated with buying the assets.
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The Treasury's working theory for the government/private-sector partnership is that investors wouldn't overpay, because if they did, they'd stand to lose money; but they also wouldn't underpay, since the selling banks wouldn't be willing to part with their assets too cheaply.



